The evolution of polyembryony in parasitoid wasps.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Polyembryony has evolved independently in four families of parasitoid wasps. We review three main hypotheses for the selective forces favouring this developmental mode in parasitoids: polyembryony (i) reduces the costs of egg limitation; (ii) reduces the genetic conflict among offspring; and (iii) allows offspring to adjust their numbers to the quality of the host. Using comparative data and verbal and mathematical arguments, we evaluate the relative importance of the different selective forces through different evolutionary stages and in the different groups of polyembryonic wasps. We conclude that reducing the cost of egg limitation is especially important when large broods are favoured. Reducing genetic conflict may be most important when broods are small, thus might have been important during, or immediately following, the initial transition from monoembryony to polyembryony. Empirical data provide little support for the brood-size adjustment hypothesis, although it is likely to interact with other selective forces favouring polyembryony.
منابع مشابه
بررسی پارازیتیسم تجربی مگس های سینانتروپ Musca domestica ، Lucilia sericata و Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis توسط زنبورهای پارازیتوئید Nasonia vitripennis ، Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae و Spalangia nigroaenea
Background and purpose: One of the most popular methods to control the synanthropic flies is using parasitoid wasps. The aim of this study was to estimate the experimental parasitism rates of pupae of Musca domestica, Lucilia sericata, and Sarcophaga heamorrhoidalis by parasitoid wasps, including Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia nigroaenea, and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae. Materials and methods: ...
متن کاملDevelopmental patterns in the polyembryonic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma koehleri.
Polyembryony is a unique mode of development in which multiple genetically identical embryos develop from a single egg. In some polyembryonic species a proportion of the embryos develop into soldier larvae, which attack competitors in the host. We studied the development of the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma koehleri in its host Phthorimaea opercullela. We dissected hosts parasitized by either v...
متن کاملFist report of parasitoid wasps, Ascogaster quadridentata and Bassus rufipes (Hym.: Braconidae) on codling moth (Lep.: Tortricidae) larvae from Iran
در جریان بررسی دینامیسم جمعیت کرم سیب در منطقه‌ی مراغه واقع در استان آذربایجان شرقی، نمونه‌هایی از لاروهای کامل پارازیته‌شده‌ی کرم سیب از کارتن‌های بسته‌شده روی تنه‌ی درختان سیب در سال‌های 86-1385 به دست آمد. از این لاروها، 3 گونه زنبور پارازیتوئید جمع‌آوری و شناسایی شد که دو گونه‌ی Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael و Bassus rufipes (Nees) از خانواده‌ی Braconidae برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می...
متن کاملBeyond sex allocation: the role of mating systems in sexual selection in parasitoid wasps
Despite the diverse array of mating systems and life histories which characterise the parasitic Hymenoptera, sexual selection and sexual conflict in this taxon have been somewhat overlooked. For instance, parasitoid mating systems have typically been studied in terms of how mating structure affects sex allocation. In the past decade, however, some studies have sought to address sexual selection...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of evolutionary biology
دوره 23 9 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010